The agglomeration effect of deep processing of Yunnan coffee is gradually emerging. Photo by journalist Liu Kaida
On October 16th, the reporter learned from the Pu'er Tea and Coffee Industry Development Center that the "2024 Yunnan Province Coffee Industry Development Report" (hereinafter referred to as the "Report") was recently released. The report shows that in 2024, the coffee planting area in Yunnan will be 1.1931 million mu, accounting for 97.85% of the national total; The total output is 150200 tons, accounting for 98.65% of the national total; The total agricultural output value is 4.872 billion yuan, accounting for 98.61% of the national total. Yunnan has become the main coffee producing area in China with an absolute advantage, and the development of the entire "cloud coffee" industry chain has been effectively promoted, accelerating the formation of China's "coffee flavor".
From the perspective of industrial distribution, Yunnan is the largest coffee planting area in China, and coffee planting in the province is mainly distributed in areas with elevations of 900-1800 meters in the Nujiang, Lancang, Honghe, Jinsha and other river basins. 34 counties (cities, districts) in 9 states (cities) of the province are engaged in coffee cultivation, among which Pu'er, Lincang, Baoshan, Xishuangbanna, and Dehong have the top five planting areas in the province, accounting for 52%, 20%, 12%, 8%, and 7% respectively.
In 2024, the coffee planting area in Yunnan increased by 4% year-on-year, and the output increased by 3% year-on-year; The average price of green coffee beans is 41.02 yuan/kg, a year-on-year increase of 10.3%, which is 14.1% higher than the international average price of small grain coffee, which is 5.05 US dollars/kg; The average price of premium coffee is 67.37 yuan/kg, and the production of premium coffee is 46100 tons. The premium coffee rate in the province has increased from less than 8% in 2021 to 31.6%. During the 12th, 13th, and 14th Five Year Plans, the average annual growth rates of coffee agriculture output in the province were 4.15%, -4.5%, and 22.5%, respectively.
According to the report, in terms of initial processing, by 2024, there will be 510 coffee fresh fruit processing plants in the province, with an annual processing capacity of over 1 million tons of fresh fruit; There are 95 coffee bean hulling processing plants with an annual processing capacity of 92000 tons of green beans, and the initial processing capacity and output in the province are basically matched. In terms of deep processing, the agglomeration effect of Yunnan coffee deep processing is gradually emerging. By 2024, the province's deep processing consumption of green beans will reach 96000 tons, with a deep processing rate of 80.8%. There are 128 coffee deep processing entities in the province, including 41 large-scale coffee deep processing enterprises, forming a coffee deep processing cluster with Kunming, Baoshan, Pu'er, Chuxiong, Honghe, and Dehong as the focus. Among the key enterprises, there are 8 enterprises with an output value of over 100 million yuan and 4 enterprises with an output value of over 200 million yuan, further expanding their scale compared to 2023. At the same time, the diversified development of "Yunka" products includes baked beans, concentrated liquids, instant powders, freeze-dried powders, three in one coffee, fruit peel tea, and flower tea, achieving full coverage of coffee product types. The popularity of Yunnan coffee companies such as Zhongka, Bitun, Four Cats, and Aini continues to increase, and "Yunnan Coffee" has become synonymous with Chinese coffee.
The report proposes that against the backdrop of the booming development of the domestic coffee market, Yunnan coffee has undergone many changes in both production and market. On the production side, investing in Yunnan through coffee planting and processing has become a hot topic. The growth rate of excellent coffee bean varieties has accelerated, red fruit picking has been promoted, fresh fruit processing technology, equipment, and scale have been greatly improved, and deep processing enterprises and production capacity continue to expand. Fine coffee plantations are loved by consumers. On the market side, with the continuous expansion of the influence of Yunnan specialty coffee, the number of domestic brand enterprises purchasing Yunnan coffee has significantly increased, and the influence of a group of local brand enterprises continues to improve. In the past, Yunnan coffee pricing was firmly controlled by international futures prices, but now pricing power is loosening. The report suggests that Yunnan's coffee industry can enhance its level of refinement in three directions: creating high-quality planting areas in the upstream, improving deep processing capabilities in the midstream, and cultivating high-quality coffee brands in the downstream. At the same time, we will strengthen the collaboration of the entire industry chain, integrate advantageous resources, share industry information, enhance the independent and controllable ability of the supply chain, and promote the construction of a collaborative and interactive industrial ecosystem. (Ran Guangwen)